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Fillmore is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Hume in Allegany County, New York, and it was long the town's main settlement.

Fillmore was originally known as "The Mouth of the Creek" because it grew up where Cold Creek empties toward the Genesee River, on a site still covered with dense timber as late as 1835.

Fillmore took its present name in 1850, when its post office was established and named for sitting President Millard Fillmore, with merchant A. S. Dudley as the first postmaster.

Fillmore was once an incorporated village, incorporating on November 24, 1924, but it dissolved its village government on December 31, 1994 and reverted to hamlet status.

Fillmore's earliest settlers included John Whiting, who built a sawmill, and Abner Leet, who opened the "Red Tavern" public house in 1838; the hamlet's first school was taught in the summer of 1841.

Fillmore had 596 residents at the 2020 census, spread across a census-designated place of just 0.81 square miles, and Census Bureau survey estimates put it at roughly 230 households.

Fillmore is home to Fillmore Central School, a single Pre-K through 12 campus on West Main Street whose district also serves the hamlets of Houghton and Rossburg, and whose teams are the Eagles.

Fillmore's Town of Hume Museum, established in 2000 in a former one-room schoolhouse dating to about 1890, was the first town-owned museum in Allegany County.