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Dauphin is a small borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, on the east bank of the Susquehanna River about eight miles north of Harrisburg, the state capital.

Dauphin began as a settlement established by Samuel Sturgeon in 1765 at the mouth of Stony Creek, where Revolutionary War soldier Timothy Green later owned the property.

In 1826 Judge Innis Green laid out the town as Port Lyon — it was also called Greensburg after him — and named its streets after Pennsylvania rivers and creeks.

Dauphin was incorporated as a borough by an act of the Pennsylvania Assembly approved on March 31, 1845.

Dauphin shares its name with its county, which Pennsylvania created in 1785 and named for Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the eldest son of King Louis XVI.

The borough sits at the head of Stony Valley, a narrow gap between Second and Third Mountains that forms a gateway from the southeastern plains into the Appalachian Mountains and north-central Pennsylvania.

Dauphin was laid out the same year Pennsylvania authorized its canal system, in hopes it would become a port for the northeastern coalfields, and the Dauphin & Susquehanna Coal Company bought up some 7,000 acres of nearby land.

The 2020 census counted about 795 residents in Dauphin, up slightly from 791 in 2010.

The whole borough covers just 0.42 square miles, and U.S. Routes 22 and 322 pass through it as a four-lane expressway along the Susquehanna River.