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Waynesboro is an independent city in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, completely surrounded by Augusta County, and a principal city of the Staunton–Waynesboro metropolitan area.

The city is named for Revolutionary War general Anthony Wayne, whose victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 prompted locals to rename the settlement — earlier known as Teasville, and at one point called Flack — in his honor.

The town of Waynesborough was officially recognized by the Commonwealth on January 8, 1801, and was incorporated by 1834, after its downtown lots had first been plotted and sold as early as 1798.

In 1923 Waynesboro merged with neighboring Basic City to form Waynesboro-Basic; Basic City's name was later dropped entirely, making it one of Virginia's 'lost towns,' and in 1948 Waynesboro became an independent city.

The Battle of Waynesboro was fought here in 1865, during the closing phase of the Civil War.

Waynesboro had 22,196 residents in the 2020 census, up from 21,006 in 2010, and the Census Bureau estimated its population at 23,951 by July 2025.

Census Bureau figures for 2020–2024 count 9,841 households in Waynesboro, averaging 2.30 people per household.

The South River, a tributary of the Shenandoah River, flows through the city, which covers about 15 square miles at an elevation of roughly 1,305 feet at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Around 1900–1920 the city built its 'Tree Streets' neighborhood, a grid of spacious homes on a scenic hill along streets named for trees, such as Oak, Chestnut and Poplar avenues.

Waynesboro is home to Fishburne Military School, founded by James A. Fishburne in 1879 and described as the oldest military high school in Virginia still in operation; its 1916 Gothic Revival barracks, overlooking downtown, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.