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Madison is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, on Florida's central northern border with Georgia, in the state's Big Bend region.

Madison was settled on May 2, 1838, during the Seminole Wars era, but despite that long history the City of Madison was not officially incorporated as a municipality until 1945.

Madison County itself was created on December 26, 1827, and named for James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, and Madison became its county seat in 1838.

Madison had a population of 2,912 at the 2020 census, and the Census Bureau counted 1,200 households in the city that year.

Madison's county courthouse was built in 1912 - it is Madison County's fourth courthouse, and the third one built in the city of Madison itself.

Madison's motto is 'The City of Four Freedoms,' a reference to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1941 Four Freedoms speech, and the city was the home of Colin Kelly, the World War II hero whose B-17 was the first American one shot down in combat, on December 10, 1941.

Madison's economy and early history were built on cotton plantations - Madison County was part of Florida's plantation belt, and after the Civil War many freed families stayed in the area as sharecroppers and tenant farmers.

Madison is served by Madison County High School and Madison County Central School, and North Florida College, based in Madison, provides college instruction for six rural counties in the region.

Madison sits on U.S. Route 90, about 56 miles east of Tallahassee, with Interstate 10 passing about 4 miles south of town, and it has been named one of the 'Best Little Towns in Florida' by Visit Florida.

Madison has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters, and the city's official weather records stretch back to 1892, including a record low of 5 degrees Fahrenheit.