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Chadwick is a village in Carroll County and is the youngest community in the county, with beginnings around 1853 when Jacob Isenhart built the first house on the prairie there.

When the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad extended its line from Aurora to Savanna in 1866, the St. Paul Land Company was organized to acquire town sites along the right-of-way and chose 60 acres belonging to Alexander Snow of Lanark for a new town.

Local farmers raised $1,500 to make up the price difference for the Chadwick town site, and the land company named the new town Chadwick in honor of one of its officials; the original plat was filed for record on April 12, 1886.

Chadwick's incorporation papers were approved on September 26, 1882, after which a village board was elected and a police magistrate and marshal appointed.

Chadwick's first railroad station was a manure spreader set on the south side of the track and equipped with telegraph instruments for train messages, before a proper new station was built in 1887.

Chadwick had a population of 481 at the 2020 census, down from 551 in 2010.

At the 2000 census, Chadwick had 505 people living in 210 households.

Chadwick covers only about 0.31 square miles, all land, in southeastern Carroll County.

Chadwick shares the Chadwick-Milledgeville Community Unit District 399 with neighboring Milledgeville, with grades 4 through 8 attending school in Chadwick and the high school and younger grades in Milledgeville.