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Augusta is the capital city of Maine and the county seat of Kennebec County, and with a population of 18,899 at the 2020 census it is the third-least populous state capital in the United States.

Augusta is the easternmost state capital in the United States, located on the Kennebec River at the head of tide.

The area was first settled by English colonists in 1628 as the Cushnoc trading post on the Kennebec River, and Fort Western was built on the site in 1754 as a supply depot during the French and Indian War.

Augusta was incorporated as the town of Harrington in February 1797 and renamed Augusta later that year for Pamela Augusta Dearborn, the daughter of Henry Dearborn.

Augusta was designated the capital of Maine in 1827, chosen over Portland, Brunswick, and Hallowell, and it was incorporated as a city on August 20, 1849.

The Maine State House, built from 1829 to 1832 and designed by Charles Bulfinch, stands in Augusta, and the Blaine House beside it is the governor's official residence.

Augusta had 8,924 households at the 2020 census, and the city covers 58.04 square miles, of which 55.15 square miles is land.

Augusta is home to the University of Maine at Augusta and is served by Augusta State Airport, which is owned by the State of Maine and operated by the city.

In the 19th century Augusta grew as a mill town on the Kennebec, with sawmills, cotton textile mills, and a paper and pulp plant, and the Kennebec and Portland Railroad arrived in 1851.

During the American Revolutionary War, Benedict Arnold and his 1,100 troops used Fort Western as a staging area before marching up the Kennebec toward the Battle of Quebec.