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Cheney is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Lancaster County, just southeast of Lincoln, Nebraska's capital and county seat.

Cheney began as Cheney's Station, created in 1871 on land owned by a Mr. Cheney as the Midland Pacific Railroad built its line from Nebraska City toward Lincoln.

The village of Cheney was platted in 1874 in a distinctive triangular layout along the railroad; its first school was built that same year, and a post office was established in 1876.

Although the historic village never grew beyond about 49 residents, over the years it supported a lumberyard, a grocery store, a bank, a hardware store, a grain elevator, a general store, a dance hall and three churches.

Cheney was formerly the eastern terminus of Lincoln's Old Cheney Road, one of the capital's major east-west streets, though the road today passes roughly two miles north of the village.

As Lincoln has expanded southeastward, the city now borders Cheney to the north and west, so that only the eastern portion of the triangular community does not directly adjoin Lincoln.

In the 2020 census — the first in which Cheney was counted as a census-designated place — it had 164 residents packed into just 0.14 square miles, a density of about 1,161 people per square mile.

Part of Cheney lies within the Lincoln Public Schools district.