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Alpha is a borough in Warren County, New Jersey, located in the southern part of the county near Phillipsburg, covering about 1.8 square miles.

Alpha was incorporated as a borough from portions of Pohatcong Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature passed on June 26, 1911, and signed by Governor Woodrow Wilson, following a referendum held on May 31, 1911.

The borough was named for the Alpha Cement Works, part of the Alpha Portland Cement Company.

Before incorporation, the community was formally known as Vulcanite, New Jersey, after another cement operation.

Alpha was founded because of the high quality and quantity of limestone deposits found there, which attracted a cement industry that flourished in the early 20th century.

At the time of the Blizzard of 1888, there were only seven houses within what are now the corporate limits of Alpha.

Less than two years after incorporating, the community obtained an extension of the streetcar line from Phillipsburg and had electric street lights installed.

The 2020 United States census counted 2,328 residents in Alpha, living in 972 households.

Alpha's population peaked at 2,829 residents in 1970 and has declined slowly since the cement era ended.

The Alpha School District serves borough children in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Alpha School, which enrolled about 204 students in the 2023–24 school year.