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Manhattan takes its name from the Lenape word 'Manna-hata', often translated as 'island of many hills', and the Dutch founded the settlement of New Amsterdam at its southern tip in 1624, naming it in 1626.

The English seized New Amsterdam in 1664 and renamed it New York after the Duke of York, and Manhattan later became one of the five boroughs of New York City in the consolidation of 1898.

George Washington was inaugurated as the first US president in 1789 at Federal Hall on Wall Street, and New York City, then centered on Lower Manhattan, served as the capital of the United States from 1785 to 1790.

Manhattan is coextensive with New York County, the smallest county by land area in New York State, yet it held 1,694,251 residents in the 2020 Census, a density of about 72,918 people per square mile on just 22.66 square miles of land.

Manhattan has roughly 778,281 households averaging about 2.00 persons each, and its median household income is around $103,931.

Central Park covers 843 acres in the heart of Manhattan and was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, while the High Line is a 1.4-mile-long park built on a former elevated freight rail line above Chelsea.

Manhattan's other famous green spaces include Riverside Park along the Hudson River, Battery Park at the island's southern tip, Bryant Park, Washington Square Park and Tompkins Square Park.

Manhattan is home to Columbia University, New York University (founded in 1831), The New School with its Parsons School of Design, Barnard College, Rockefeller University, and the CUNY campuses of City College and Hunter College.

Stuyvesant High School in Battery Park City, founded in 1904, is New York City's oldest specialized public high school, admitting its roughly 3,300 students solely through the SHSAT entrance exam, while LaGuardia High School admits performing-arts students by audition.

Manhattan hosts the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street and the Nasdaq.