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Lithopolis is a village that straddles Fairfield and Franklin counties southeast of Columbus, with the larger share in Fairfield County.

The village was laid out in 1815 under its original name, Centerville.

Lithopolis takes its name from the Greek words for 'stone city,' a tribute to the valuable stone deposits found near the original town site.

A post office has operated under the name Lithopolis since 1827.

Lithopolis was one of Ohio's fastest-growing villages between 2010 and 2020, nearly doubling from 1,106 residents to 2,134 — a jump of almost 93% — as Columbus suburbs pushed outward.

At the 2010 census the village had 443 households, a number that has climbed sharply with new subdivision growth since then.

The village covers about 2.02 square miles and is part of the Columbus metropolitan statistical area.

Lithopolis is the birthplace of Adam Willis Wagnalls, co-founder of the Funk & Wagnalls publishing company famous for its dictionaries and encyclopedias.

The Wagnalls Memorial Library, a castle-like Tudor-Gothic stone building dedicated in 1925, was built by Adam's daughter, concert pianist Mabel Wagnalls Jones, at a cost of about $500,000 to honor her Lithopolis-born parents.

The Wagnalls Memorial holds two original Norman Rockwell paintings and letters written to Mabel by her friend Harry Houdini, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.