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Poland is a village in Mahoning County about 7 miles southeast of Youngstown, within the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

Poland Township was surveyed in 1796 as Township 1, Range 1 — the first charted township in the Connecticut Western Reserve and its southeasternmost corner.

Poland was founded in 1798 by Turhand Kirtland, and Jonathan Fowler's family was the first to settle in the village, building a grist mill on Yellow Creek in 1802.

Poland was named in honor of the country of Poland for its assistance to the American cause during the Revolutionary War.

Poland was incorporated as a village in 1866.

Poland Seminary, founded in 1849 as Poland Academy, counted future president William McKinley among its graduates and journalist Ida Tarbell among its faculty; its main building is now part of Poland Middle School and its dormitory houses the Poland Public Library.

Poland had 2,463 residents at the 2020 census, living in 1,090 households, down from a peak of 3,097 residents in 1970.

Students in Poland attend Poland Seminary High School in the Poland Local School District.

The Old Stone Tavern on South Main Street, built by founder Jonathan Fowler in 1804, is the oldest building still standing in Poland, and the village preserves its early architecture in the South Main Street Historic District.

Peterson Park in Poland displays statues of Polish Revolutionary War heroes Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko.