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Gallatin is a city and the county seat of Sumner County, Tennessee, located about 30 miles northeast of the state capital, Nashville.

Gallatin was established on February 25, 1802, as the permanent county seat of Sumner County, and the town was incorporated in 1815.

The city is named for Albert Gallatin, who served as Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Andrew Jackson was among the first to purchase a lot when Gallatin was surveyed and platted in 1803, and he founded the first general store in Gallatin.

Before Gallatin was established, Captain William Asher built Asher's Station, a fortified stockade, along Station Camp Creek in 1780 under the Cumberland Compact.

The 2020 census counted 44,431 residents in Gallatin, a nearly 47 percent increase from 2010.

The 2020 census counted 17,791 households in Gallatin.

The Union Army captured Gallatin in February 1862, following the capture of Fort Donelson, and Confederate General John Hunt Morgan recaptured the town that July before Union forces retook it and occupied it for the rest of the war.

During the Union occupation, the Army established a contraband camp in Gallatin for formerly enslaved people, and in 1864 schools were set up in the camp to teach children and adults to read and write; about 1,000 Black men were recruited at Gallatin in 1863 to form the 14th Tennessee Regiment of the United States Colored Troops.

Gallatin was devastated by a cholera epidemic in the summer of 1873, in which 68 people died in the town during June alone.