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Arcola is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Loudoun County, Virginia, in the fast-growing Dulles corridor west of Washington, D.C.

Arcola originated as the village of Gum Springs, named for a spring at the site that feeds the South Fork of Broad Run.

The glebe lands of Cameron Parish around the village were sold off in 1802, and the area's first post office, called Springfield, operated from 1801 to 1819; the community later took the name Arcola from the post office at nearby Arcola Farm.

In the 1850s the Loudoun Branch of the Manassas Gap Railroad was completed along Arcola's northern border, but the Panic of 1857 and the Civil War meant the line was never actually used.

In June and July 1863, during the Gettysburg Campaign, the Union Army of the Potomac's 11th Corps and 1st Corps marched through Arcola and camped in the area.

Arcola stayed a tiny crossroads village for more than a century, with a population of just 30 in 1876, 90 in 1911, and 135 in 1976.

The 2020 census counted 2,412 people in Arcola, a dramatic jump from just 233 in 2010 as suburban development spread west from Dulles.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Arcola CDP covers about 2.31 square miles.

Arcola sits on the north side of U.S. Route 50, with Washington, D.C. about 31 miles to the east and the southwest runway of Washington Dulles International Airport less than three miles east of the community.

Three Arcola sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Arcola Elementary School, the Arcola Slave Quarters, and Fleetwood Farm.