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Charlottesville is an independent city in central Virginia that serves as the county seat of Albemarle County, even though the city and county are separate legal entities.

Charlottesville was founded in 1762 and named for Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III.

Before European settlement, part of the site of Charlottesville was occupied by a Monacan village called Monasukapanough.

Charlottesville was the home of two U.S. presidents, Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, who traveled the historic 71-mile Three Notch'd Road between Charlottesville and Richmond while serving as Governors of Virginia.

Thomas Jefferson's mountaintop home, Monticello, stands about 3 miles southeast of the city and attracts roughly half a million visitors a year.

The University of Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson and established in 1819, straddles the city's southwestern border and is the only university campus in the United States designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Monticello and the University of Virginia together form a UNESCO World Heritage Site, making Charlottesville one of the few American cities with two linked World Heritage landmarks at its doorstep.

Charlottesville had a population of 46,553 at the 2020 census, up from 43,475 in 2010.

Charlottesville has about 19,815 households according to Census Bureau QuickFacts for 2020-2024, and only about 44.2% of its homes are owner-occupied, reflecting its large student and renter population.

Charlottesville's Downtown Mall, created in 1976 to a design by landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, is one of the longest pedestrian malls in the United States, running eight brick-paved blocks along Main Street.